Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) originated in western North America and has since become a major pest of vegetables, fruit and ornamental crops across the US and around the world. F. occidentalis are small (1-2 mm long), slender, soft-bodied insects that are yellow to light brown in color; adults have distinctive fringed wings. It can develop quickly, going from egg to adult in two weeks or less at favorable temperatures. Adult females insert eggs into plant tissue under the epidermis….
This moth is one of the most destructive pests of the tobacco. Other recorded food plants include cotton, rice and soybean. It is only found in the Americas from Canada to Argentina. Female can lay up to 2000 eggs, on buds, blossoms or young foliage. Depending on climatic conditions it can have several generations in each season. The life cycle is completed in about 7 weeks. Newly-hatched larvae usually begin feeding on tender leaf surfaces and other tender vegetation…
…such as apple, pear, plum, peach, prune and cherry that it reaches economic importance. In commercial orchards, the potential of P. ulmi to cause severe economic damage necessitates chemical control several times a year often leading to the development of resistance to many chemical classes. Known resistances: Organophosphates – Group 1B Pyrethroids – Group 3A Clofentezine, Hexythiazox, Diflovidazin – Group 10A Oganotin miticides – Group 12B METI acaricides & insecticides – Group 21A Unknown or uncertain MoAs – Group UN…
Ostrinia nubilalis is native to Europe and is one of the most important pests of corn. It is found in Europe, North America, where it was first reported in 1917, and some areas of northern Africa. In late spring, usually a few days before the corn female inflorescences appear, the moths lay about 500-1500 eggs in masses on the underside of the leaves. Larvae take 3-4 weeks to develop and the caterpillars will either pupate, to produce a second…
L. botrana is one of the most important pests of grapevines. They can have several generations per season, depending on local conditions such as climate, altitude or light intensity, from only two in the northern part of its range up to four around the Mediterranean, or (seldom) even five. Eggs (40-60 per female) are mostly laid singly, preferably in sun-protected places in inflorescences or in bunches of grapes, in the folds of dry leaves, under the bark or the straw…
The lettuce aphid is a major pest of lettuces (Lactuca sativa L.) and Ribes spp. in Europe where it originates. In recent years this insect has spread to other continents (North and South America, Asia and Australia), where eventually causes major problems for growers. In general the direct damage is limited on lettuces, leaf curl and sometimes stunting of plants. On lettuce and other salad crops, leaf curl, stunting and sometimes dead hearts. Honeydew production, and subsequent sooty mould…
The fall armyworm is a highly polyphagous migratory lepidopteran pest species. It can colonize over 80 different plant species including many grasses, and crops such as alfalfa, soybean, sorghum, and corn. Eggs are laid in clusters of 50 or more in a single layer attached to foliage. Newly hatched larvae are pale green with black heads and during the second instar the head turns an orange-brown color. Fully grown larvae are 1.25 – 1.5 inches in length and vary…
Known as Indian cotton jassid, Indian cotton leafhopper, green jassid, cotton leafhopper or okra leafhopper, this is a hemipterous pest commonly found in India and that attacks plants of at least 25 species such as potatoes, beans, sorghum, maize, cotton and okra. In cotton, yield losses may be as high as 100-114 kg of fiber per hectare and in sunflowers attack combined with whiteflies may result in losses of 9.2%. Eggs are yellowish-white, curved and measure 0.73 x 0.24…
T. vaporariorum probably has the most comprehensive host range of all insect pests. It includes about 800 species. Besides vegetables, the most threatened crops in glasshouses are ornamentals. T. vaporariorum originates from Central America, but is nowadays found worldwide. The adults live about 3-6 weeks, during which time each female may lay several hundred eggs. Reproduction is almost always parthenogenetic. Under favorable conditions, the whole life cycle can be completed in 3-4 weeks. The nymphs and adults of whitefly…
Like all aphids, R. padi uses its piercing-sucking mouthparts to penetrate plant tissues in order to reach a vascular bundle and ingest phloem sap. Although this species can remove considerable amounts of liquid and nutrients, and strong infestations can sometimes lead to contortion of leaves, the direct effect on grain yield is generally only slight, especially if plants are young at the time of infestation. The insect causes most damage by transmitting a number of viruses, especially Barley Yellow…