Adults are up to 3 mm in length. The body colour is determined partly genetically, and partly by the environment (especially food quality). Most clones tend to be yellowish to dark green or brown, or sometimes orange-pink. The species spends its entire year on cereals and grasses. Only a small proportion of the population overwinters as eggs on Gramineae, and these hatch in early spring. The majority of the population overwinters as mobile stages on wild grasses or winter cereals…
Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is one of the world’s top 100 invasive organisms found on over 900 host plants all around the world. It is currently recognized as a complex of cryptic species with world wide distribution. The two most important phylogenetic groups of B. tabaci from an agricultural perspective are MEAM1 (Middle East-Asia Minor 1; also commonly known as biotype B) and MED (Mediterranean; including the commonly known biotype Q among others). It reportedly transmits over a…
Diaphorina Citri is the insect vector associated with the transmission of the bacteria Candidatus Liberobacter asiaticus and Can. L. americanus. These bacteria are considered to be the causal agents of Huanglongbing (HLB) in Asia and Americas. Trees infected with the bacterial pathogen begin to show symptoms such as early fruit drop and mottled leaves anywhere from 5 months to 3 years after infection. Even during this asymptomatic period, plants can also be source of inoculum, hence the importance to manage…
Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a destructive pest of numerous crops worldwide. This sap-sucking insect affects plants via direct feeding and indirectly via plant viral disease transmission (more than 50 plant pathogenic viruses known). It has a very wide host range with at least 700 host plants being known world-wide. It can seriously affect most cucurbit and solanaceous vegetable crops as well as leafy vegetables, legumes, potato, ornamentals, stone fruits, oil seed rape, citrus, cotton or many other…
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