Of the approximately 460 species of Anopheline mosquitoes known, over 100 can transmit the plasmodia which cause malaria. However, only 30–40 species commonly transmit malaria to humans. Malaria, transmitted by Anopheline mosquitoes, is responsible globally for the deaths of around 1 million people each year. Some species of Anopheles can also act as the vectors of the filariasis causing parasites, Wucheria bancrofti and Brugia malayi. They are also implicated in the transmission of some arboviruses including West Nile Virus,…
Black fly are true flies from the family Simuliidae in the order Diptera. Female Black flies feed on blood and are the scourge of many river banks. They are found almost globally, from the tropics to the Arctic tundra. Black fly are small stocky flies, 2 to 5 mm in length, black or dark brown in colour. They are always associated with running water, in which the larvae live, filter feeding on organic matter. The adults are strong fliers and…
Mode of action (MoA) structures poster (English)…
The MoA Team, which is largely composed of technical experts, is charged with maintaining the scheme and its status, carrying out updates as required as well as developing educational resources such as posters to promote the correct use of the scheme. The team considers data to support new submissions for entries to the scheme and acts as an arbiter on questions of MOA. Team Objectives Continue to review and update the MOA scheme as required. Develop new versions of…
The Chewing Pest WG is a new group for IRAC combining the past Lepidoptera and Coleoptera WGs and complements the Sucking Pest WG. These two key groups sit within the IRAC Crop Protection Team along with the Nematode WG. It is recognised that the WG will have a broad remit given the potential range of crops and pests but, by focussing on specific areas, it is planned to deliver appropriate IRM strategies. Team Objectives Maintain currency of the global…
This moth is one of the most destructive pests of the tobacco. Other recorded food plants include cotton, rice and soybean. It is only found in the Americas from Canada to Argentina. Female can lay up to 2000 eggs, on buds, blossoms or young foliage. Depending on climatic conditions it can have several generations in each season. The life cycle is completed in about 7 weeks. Newly-hatched larvae usually begin feeding on tender leaf surfaces and other tender vegetation…
T. absoluta is a pest of great economic importance in a number of countries. Its primary host is tomato, although potato, aubergine, common bean, and various wild solanaceous plants are also suitable hosts. T. absoluta is characterized by high reproduction potential. Each female may lay up to 300 eggs and 10-12 generations can be produced each year. In tomato, it attacks all plant parts and crop developmental stages, although the larvae prefer apical buds, tender new leaflets, flowers, and green…
M. aenus is an important pest of oilseed rape particularly in Western Europe. The larvae are up to 3 mm long and white with brown sclerotised plates. Eggs are laid in the flower buds of the host-plant and the larvae develop within the flowers. Oviposition damage to the buds of oilseed rape can cause the flowers to drop off. Both adults and larvae feed on the pollen and nectar in the flowers. Resistance to pyrethroids has been reported in this…