…Larval feeding inside shoots results in wilting of the young shoot. The damaged shoots ultimately drop off, disturbing plant growth and reducing fruit number and size. New shoots may grow but this delays crop maturity. Larval feeding inside the fruit results in the destruction of fruit tissue, making even slightly damaged fruit unfit for marketing. (Plantwise Datasheet) L. orbonalis populations in eggplant in India exhibited widespread resistance to carbaryl, chlorpyriphos, deltamethrin, endosulfan, fenvalerate, and profenofos. (Shirale D et al, 2017)…
The brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB) (Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera : Pentatomidae), is native to Asia (China, Taiwan, Korea and Japan) and has emerged in recent decades as a major insect pest of worldwide importance due to its exceptional capacity to colonize new habitats. Accidentally introduced outside its native range, BMSB has become established in North America (mid-1990s), Europe (2007) and South America (2017); it has also been detected yet eradicated multiple times in Australia. In regions where it…
…metabolic resistance by increased activities of detoxification enzymes (e.g. cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and esterases), and knockdown resistance by kdr mutations, have been experimentally identified as conferring insecticide resistance in bed bugs. Other candidate resistance mechanisms, including behavioral resistance, some types of physiological resistance (e.g. increasing activities of esterases by point mutations, glutathione S-transferase, target site insensitivity including altered AChEs, GABA receptor insensitivity and altered nAChRs), symbiont-mediated resistance and other potential, yet undiscovered mechanisms may exist. (Dang K, et al. 2017)…
…MOA Structure Poster as needed Target site mutation table Develop new MoA posters and update existing posters as required Develop MoA training slides MoA page – IRAC Website Provide additional information on topics important to MoA and IRM Update of MoA Charter Address issue of DIY classification Implement MoA Classification update notification list Useful Mode of Action Links Procedure for classifying a new insecticide Online form for classifying a new insecticide Mode of Action Labelling Guidance from CropLife International Comprehensive…
(Incorporating the OSR & Pollen Beetle Groups) Pyrethroid resistance has been recorded in European populations of the pollen beetle (Meligethes aeneus) since 1999, when it was first reported in Eastern France. Pyrethroid insecticides have long been favoured as the method of control for insect pests of oilseed rape and a lack of alternative insecticides with different modes of action, has ensured a continued high selection pressure for pyrethroid resistance. This has lead to the spread of resistant pollen beetle…
…pair mating of field collected insects (field parents), and the sibling-mating of the F1 progeny (inbred family lines) to produce the F2 progeny to be screened (bioassayed) for the presence of resistance alleles using a discriminating concentration of an insecticide (Bird et al. 2017), ideally utilizing a method approved by IRAC (Table 1). Compared to the F2 screening procedure, F1 screens are simpler, but require the creation of a field-relevant, single-gene resistant strain and – as with F2 screens –…