T. urticae is one of the most economically important pests in a wide range of outdoor and protected crops worldwide. T. urticae uses its mouthparts to penetrate plant cells, notably on the undersides of leaves, and ingests their contents. Each minute 1-2 dozen cells can be destroyed this way. The first visible symptoms are small whitish speckles, mainly around the midrib and larger veins. When these spots merge, the empty cells give areas of the leaf a whitish or silvery-transparent…
Mosquitoes of the genus Culex are distributed world-wide and belong to the subfamily Culicinae, which contains several medically important genera. Breeding sites of these mosquitoes are often in collections of water like puddles, ditches or rice-fields but also man-made containers such as tin-cans, bottles or storage tanks. Medically important species like Culex quinquefasciatus or Culex pipiens pipiens prefer to breed in water that is polluted by organic debris such as rotting vegetation or human and animal excrement. Due to…
Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) originated in western North America and has since become a major pest of vegetables, fruit and ornamental crops across the US and around the world. F. occidentalis are small (1-2 mm long), slender, soft-bodied insects that are yellow to light brown in color; adults have distinctive fringed wings. It can develop quickly, going from egg to adult in two weeks or less at favorable temperatures. Adult females insert eggs into plant tissue under the epidermis….
Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a destructive pest of numerous crops worldwide. This sap-sucking insect affects plants via direct feeding and indirectly via plant viral disease transmission (more than 50 plant pathogenic viruses known). It has a very wide host range with at least 700 host plants being known world-wide. It can seriously affect most cucurbit and solanaceous vegetable crops as well as leafy vegetables, legumes, potato, ornamentals, stone fruits, oil seed rape, citrus, cotton or many other…
The IRAC Library of Susceptibility Test Methods A collection of standard, validated and easy-to-run methods for resistance detection in the world’s major insect pests. The IRAC Methods Team has worked in collaboration with experts in academia and other institutions to develop, validate and collate approved susceptibility test methods and make them available to all via it’s website . These methods are crucial for successful monitoring of resistance problems around the world. Find a method Search and filter by species,…
MOA Structures Poster (English) V11.1, Jan ’24 Nematicides MoA Poster V2.2, Mar ’24 Cabbage Stem Flea Beetle in Winter OSR Poster V1.0, Jan ’23 Bemisia tabaci Resistance Overview V2.1, Mar ’21 Bemisia tabaci IRM Poster V2.0, Dec ’18 Fall Armyworm Poster – Asia V1.2, Mar ’20 Mixtures for IRM in Vectors Poster V2.0, Apr ’14 Pollen Beetle Monitoring Poster (2018) V1, Jan ’19 Spodoptera frugiperda poster V2.1, Nov ’19 Lobesia botrana poster V1.6, Apr ’17 Aphis gossypii IRM Poster…
Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is one of the world’s top 100 invasive organisms found on over 900 host plants all around the world. It is currently recognized as a complex of cryptic species with world wide distribution. The two most important phylogenetic groups of B. tabaci from an agricultural perspective are MEAM1 (Middle East-Asia Minor 1; also commonly known as biotype B) and MED (Mediterranean; including the commonly known biotype Q among others). It reportedly transmits over a…