The IRAC Mode of Action Classification Online
The definitive, global scheme on the target sites of acaricides and insecticides.
Effective IRM strategies: Sequences or alternations of MoA
Effective insecticide resistance management (IRM) strategies seek to minimise the selection of resistance to any one type of insecticide. In practice, alternations, sequences or rotations of compounds from different MoA groups provide sustainable and effective IRM. Applications are often arranged into MoA spray windows or blocks that are defined by the stage of crop development and the biology of the lepidopteran species of concern. Local expert advice should always be followed with regard to spray windows and timing. Several sprays may be possible within each spray window, but it is generally essential that successive generations of the pest are not treated with compounds from the same MoA group. Metabolic resistance mechanisms may give cross-resistance between MoA groups; where this is known to occur, the above advice should be modified accordingly.
