M. aenus is an important pest of oilseed rape particularly in Western Europe. The larvae are up to 3 mm long and white with brown sclerotised plates. Eggs are laid in the flower buds of the host-plant and the larvae develop within the flowers. Oviposition damage to the buds of oilseed rape can cause the flowers to drop off. Both adults and larvae feed on the pollen and nectar in the flowers. Resistance to pyrethroids has been reported in this…
…yellow colour. Males are 0.6 mm long and evenly yellow (Soto-Adames. 2020 and Hutasoit et al. 2017). Under controlled study conditions on chilli pepper, Hutasoit et al. 2017 reported that the females live for nine days, the males live for six days and the total life cycle is completed in 13-14 days. Females lay 15 eggs on an average and eggs are inserted into leaves. Larvae (nymphs) molt twice in 4-5 days and there are two pupalstages lasting 2-3 days.T….
…and evenly yellow (Soto-Adames. 2020 and Hutasoit et al. 2017). Under controlled study conditions on chilli pepper, Hutasoit et al. 2017 reported that the females live for nine days, the males live for six days and the total life cycle is completed in 13-14 days. Females lay 15 eggs on an average and eggs are inserted into leaves. Larvae (nymphs) molt twice in 4-5 days and there are two pupalstages lasting 2-3 days.T. parvispinus mainly colonize flowers and the underside…
…Larval feeding inside shoots results in wilting of the young shoot. The damaged shoots ultimately drop off, disturbing plant growth and reducing fruit number and size. New shoots may grow but this delays crop maturity. Larval feeding inside the fruit results in the destruction of fruit tissue, making even slightly damaged fruit unfit for marketing. (Plantwise Datasheet) L. orbonalis populations in eggplant in India exhibited widespread resistance to carbaryl, chlorpyriphos, deltamethrin, endosulfan, fenvalerate, and profenofos. (Shirale D et al, 2017)…
The brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB) (Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera : Pentatomidae), is native to Asia (China, Taiwan, Korea and Japan) and has emerged in recent decades as a major insect pest of worldwide importance due to its exceptional capacity to colonize new habitats. Accidentally introduced outside its native range, BMSB has become established in North America (mid-1990s), Europe (2007) and South America (2017); it has also been detected yet eradicated multiple times in Australia. In regions where it…
…metabolic resistance by increased activities of detoxification enzymes (e.g. cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and esterases), and knockdown resistance by kdr mutations, have been experimentally identified as conferring insecticide resistance in bed bugs. Other candidate resistance mechanisms, including behavioral resistance, some types of physiological resistance (e.g. increasing activities of esterases by point mutations, glutathione S-transferase, target site insensitivity including altered AChEs, GABA receptor insensitivity and altered nAChRs), symbiont-mediated resistance and other potential, yet undiscovered mechanisms may exist. (Dang K, et al. 2017)…