XVIII International Congress of Tropical Medicine & Malaria plus XLVIII Congress of the Brazilian Society of Tropical Medicine. The theme of the International Congress: “Neglected Tropical Diseases” is adequate for a Country that holds such a varied biome and the largest tropical forest of the world. The Amazon Region covers 40% of South America’s and 5% of the world’s surface, with 61% of its territory inside Brazil. It has the largest hydrographic net on earth, covering 20% of the world’s fresh water reserves and sheltering the largest number of life forms on earth. As a consequence of having the largest biodiversity of this Planet, several tropical diseases threaten the population and are the object of concerns and researches.