…and presentation slides are available and can be downloaded via the links on the various IRAC web pages. The IRAC focal point for the Michigan State University Arthropod Pesticide Resistance Database (APRD) is John Immaraju (AMVAC) who is a member of the IRAC US group. Both IRAC International and IRAC US provide support for the update and maintenance of the database. Outreach Team Objectives Development of C&E material for the coming year Leverage communication & education through the CropLife network…
…A mature female can produce several clutches of between 100 and 150 eggs. These eggs hatch within a day. The three larval instars last 4-5 days and the fly will remain a pupa for another 4-5 days before it emerges as an adult. The average life cycle from egg to adult under ideal conditions of 27-30ºC lasts 9-12 days. Adults are usually 6-7mm in length with red eyes and a gray thorax containing four dark lines and a pair of…
Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) originated in western North America and has since become a major pest of vegetables, fruit and ornamental crops across the US and around the world. F. occidentalis are small (1-2 mm long), slender, soft-bodied insects that are yellow to light brown in color; adults have distinctive fringed wings. It can develop quickly, going from egg to adult in two weeks or less at favorable temperatures. Adult females insert eggs into plant tissue under the epidermis….
…Historically, programmes aimed at controlling river blindness used DDT applied to rivers to control the larvae. This was replaced with pyrethroids such as permethrin, organophosphates and carbamates. The larvicides are applied up-stream of the larval development sites and flow past the larvae, killing them. Whilst this was an effective control method, the ability of the black fly to fly significant distances, and the number of eggs a female can lay, required an ongoing programme to prevent re-establishment of the population….
The IRAC Network is made up of a series of inter-company Committees dedicated to prolonging the effectiveness of insecticides and acaricides by countering the development of resistance. The Committees operate at a global level (IRAC International and IRAC Executive) and at a regional or country level (IRAC Country Groups). IRAC as an organisation can only be successful with proactive participation and contributions from the member company representatives, volunteering their time and energies to achieve the agreed goals and objectives. IRAC…
…developed by the WGs can be found by clicking on the WG links above. Role of the Crop Protection Team: Developing and maintaining standard guidance on resistance management for crop protection products for relevant crop-pest matrices Working on topics cutting across the Crop Protection WGs, e.g. Mixtures Statement, Seed Treatment Statement, phenology charts with windows approach to MoA rotation, MoA icons and IRM language on labels and resistance monitoring Serve as a clearing house for Country Group Liaison activities such…
The IRAC Nematode Working Group is the most recently established IRAC team. The initial objectives of the team will be to investigate the resistance risk of nematicides and to develop a mode of action classification scheme similar to that available for insecticides and acaricides. There is clear evidence that nematicide resistance can occur under laboratory conditions, but it is less clear if field resistance can occur under natural conditions. There is however some evidence to show that increased degradation of…
…mulch, or in cracks in support-stakes or under earth mounds. The larvae hatch after 4-15 days, and are initially very active, dispersing rapidly. Over a period of 3-4 weeks, they pass through five instars. In non-diapausing individuals (i.e. during the summer), the adult moth emerges 8-14 days after pupation. Towards the end of the season, mature larvae of the last generation leave the plant in search of a hibernation site, mostly under bark, in cracks of wooden support stakes or…
With the continued global spread of transgenic crops expressing insect-control traits, IRAC has a major role to provide education on IRM in this area and to promote the implementation of effective IRM strategies. In particular, in those countries where no collaborative organisation currently existed, it was agreed that IRAC could play an especially useful role in helping to ensure that good IRM practices are understood and followed. The team has an on-going activity to identify and work with appropriate bodies…